Although multiple epithelial cell abnormalities have been described in asthma, including dysregulation of mucin genes, chemokines, and growth factors, and have led to hypotheses about mechanism, it likely that additional mechanisms of airway epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma remain. A powerful unbiased strategy to uncover unsuspected mechanisms of disease is the application of genome-wide profiling using high-density microarrays. 1 Ohtani et al. used such methods in comparing gene expression profiles in apparently normal, unstimulated respiratory epithelial cells to apparently normal, respiratory epithelial cells stimulated to differentiate into goblet cells by IL13 in vitro. Ohtani et al. reported on many hundreds of genes which were differentially expressed and could be candidates for further evaluation as possible markers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (see, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20050208496). However, in the absence of sufficiently conservative statistical analyses to overcome spurious findings associated with the great many comparisons made, there is uncertainty as to the statistical validity of any single finding. Indeed, when Laprise et al. (see, Laprise et al, BMC Genomics 5:21 (2004) compared the gene expression profiles of asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects a much smaller set of 79 differentially expressed genes were identified and of these they identified a much smaller subset of 26 genes which were partially or completed corrected in the asthmatics by inhaled corticosteroid therapy. The Laprise et al. methods did not include a control for alternative causes of lung inflammation than asthma and thus may not well distinguish pathological mechanism unique to asthma as opposed to pulmonary inflammation.

The goal of this study was to comprehensively characterize the gene expression changes in the airway epithelial compartment in asthma to uncover unsuspected mechanisms of disease. In order to achieve our goal, we sampled the airway epithelium using bronchoscopy and cytology brushes, and incorporated two elements designed establish whether the observed gene expression changes are specific for asthma and whether they play a mechanistic role in the disease. These elements were: 1) the inclusion of a two control groups (non-smoking healthy controls and non-asthmatic smokers with mild/moderate airflow obstruction), and 2) the enrollment of a subgroup of asthmatics in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Asthma, unlike COPD and most other airway diseases, is very responsive to inhaled corticosteroids. 2,3 We reasoned that this characteristic of asthma could be leveraged to help identify genes mechanistically involved in the pathophysiology of asthma and in its treatment response. In addition, for certain genes expression was examined using a taqman assay. Here, we report on the discovery of a much more focused set of genes which are specifically implicated in the etiology and treatment of asthma. Accordingly, these genes and their gene products are targets for the identification and use of new agents in asthma therapy, as well as, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or inflammatory or fibrotic diseases of the lung. 
 
 

 -   3 Bottles of the herbal formulation containing 14 Herbs in granule form. Each bottle contains 400 grams of the herbal formulation in granule form.

Dosage : 10 grams taken twice a day - once after breakfast and once after dinner.

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We will ship the herbal formulation BREATHE EAZY to reach your home/office anywhere in the world within 10 days from the date of ordering.

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 -   1 Bottles of the herbal formulation containing 14 Herbs in granule form. Each bottle contains 200 grams of the herbal formulation in granule form.

Dosage : 10 grams taken twice a day - once after breakfast and once after dinner.

U.S.$24/- All Inclusive (Free Shipping)

(Total shipped weight is 1.6 Pounds. Shipping cost is borne by us)

We will ship the herbal formulation BREATHE EAZY to reach your home/office anywhere in the world within 10 days from the date of ordering.

 -   3 Bottles of the herbal formulation containing 14 Herbs in granule form. Each bottle contains 200 grams of the herbal formulation in granule form.

Dosage : 10 grams taken twice a day - once after breakfast and once after dinner.

U.S.$49/- All Inclusive (Free Shipping)

(Total shipped weight is 1.6 Pounds. Shipping cost is borne by us)

We will ship the herbal formulation BREATHE EAZY to reach your home/office anywhere in the world within 10 days from the date of ordering.
 

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This  Herbal   product  is not  meant  to  diagnose ,treat  or  cure  any  ailment  and  it  does  not  replace  the  need  of  a  regular  doctor  . The   therapeutic  properties  of  the  individual  Herbs  have  not been  evaluated  by  FDA  -  USA.